{"id":828,"date":"2026-10-08T14:56:00","date_gmt":"2026-10-08T14:56:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.anahithukuk.com\/?p=828"},"modified":"2026-10-08T14:56:38","modified_gmt":"2026-10-08T14:56:38","slug":"schengen-90-180-gun-kurali-ve-tir-soforleri-lojistik-firmalarinin-hukuki-riskleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.anahithukuk.com\/index.php\/2026\/10\/08\/schengen-90-180-gun-kurali-ve-tir-soforleri-lojistik-firmalarinin-hukuki-riskleri\/","title":{"rendered":"Schengen 90\/180 G\u00fcn Kural\u0131 ve TIR \u015eof\u00f6rleri: Lojistik Firmalar\u0131n\u0131n Hukuki Riskleri"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Giri\u015f<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

Avrupa’ya ta\u015f\u0131ma yapan T\u00fcrk TIR \u015fof\u00f6rleri, 2026 y\u0131l\u0131nda uzun s\u00fcredir y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte olan bir kural\u0131n ilk kez eksiksiz uygulanmas\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131. Schengen b\u00f6lgesinde 180 g\u00fcnde en fazla 90 g\u00fcn kalmaya izin veren kural, AB’nin Giri\u015f\/\u00c7\u0131k\u0131\u015f Sistemi’nin (EES) 10 Nisan 2026’da t\u00fcm s\u0131n\u0131rlarda devreye girmesiyle otomatik denetlenir hale geldi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

UND’nin a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131na g\u00f6re<\/a> yakla\u015f\u0131k 50 bin T\u00fcrk TIR \u015fof\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn 25 bini bundan do\u011frudan etkileniyor. G\u00fcnleri dolan \u015fof\u00f6rler Trieste ve Kap\u0131kule’de geri \u00e7evriliyor, sipari\u015f iptalleri ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f durumda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kamuoyundaki tart\u0131\u015fma vize politikas\u0131na odaklan\u0131yor. Oysa sorun, bir lojistik firmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ayn\u0131 anda \u00fc\u00e7 hukuki ili\u015fkiyi etkiliyor: \u015fof\u00f6r\u00fcn AB’deki ki\u015fisel kayd\u0131, \u015fof\u00f6rle kurulan i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ve m\u00fc\u015fteriyle kurulan ta\u015f\u0131ma s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu makale \u00f6nce 90\/180 g\u00fcn kural\u0131n\u0131n ne oldu\u011funu ve nas\u0131l hesapland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yor. Ard\u0131ndan kural\u0131n ihlalinin \u015fof\u00f6r, i\u015fveren ve ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan do\u011furdu\u011fu sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 ve firmalar\u0131n alabilece\u011fi \u00f6nlemleri ele al\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Schengen 90\/180 g\u00fcn kural\u0131<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

Hukuki dayanak ve kapsam<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Kural\u0131n dayana\u011f\u0131 Schengen S\u0131n\u0131r Kodu’nun (2016\/399 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcz\u00fck) 6. maddesidir. Buna g\u00f6re \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u00fclke vatanda\u015flar\u0131, Schengen b\u00f6lgesinde herhangi bir 180 g\u00fcnl\u00fck d\u00f6nemde 90 g\u00fcn\u00fc a\u015fmamak \u00fczere kalabilir. Kural hem vizesiz seyahat edenlere hem de T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015flar\u0131 gibi k\u0131sa s\u00fcreli (C tipi) vizeyle girenlere uygulan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00fcre tek tek \u00fclkeler i\u00e7in de\u011fil, b\u00f6lgenin tamam\u0131 i\u00e7in say\u0131l\u0131r. Almanya’da ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn ile \u0130talya’da ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn ayn\u0131 90 g\u00fcnden d\u00fc\u015fer. Bulgaristan ve Romanya da b\u00f6lgeye dahildir; kara s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131ndaki kontroller 1 Ocak 2025’te kalkm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu nedenle Kap\u0131kule’den \u00e7\u0131kan \u015fof\u00f6r\u00fcn sayac\u0131 Bulgaristan’a girdi\u011fi g\u00fcn i\u015flemeye ba\u015flar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00fcre nas\u0131l hesaplan\u0131r<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Hesap geriye d\u00f6n\u00fck yap\u0131l\u0131r. Ki\u015finin b\u00f6lgede bulundu\u011fu her g\u00fcn i\u00e7in, o g\u00fcnden geriye do\u011fru 180 g\u00fcnl\u00fck d\u00f6neme bak\u0131l\u0131r; bu d\u00f6nemdeki toplam kal\u0131\u015f 90 g\u00fcn\u00fc a\u015famaz. Giri\u015f g\u00fcn\u00fc kal\u0131\u015f\u0131n ilk g\u00fcn\u00fc, \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f g\u00fcn\u00fc son g\u00fcn\u00fc say\u0131l\u0131r ve ikisi de hesaba tam g\u00fcn olarak girer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu y\u00f6ntem 18 Ekim 2013’te, 610\/2013 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcz\u00fck ile getirildi. \u00d6nceki d\u00fczenleme, ilk giri\u015f tarihinden ba\u015flayan alt\u0131 ayl\u0131k d\u00f6nemde \u00fc\u00e7 ay kal\u0131\u015fa izin veriyordu. Bug\u00fcn belirli bir tarihte yenilenen bir hak yoktur; 180 g\u00fcnl\u00fck pencere her g\u00fcn bir g\u00fcn ileri kayar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Uygulamada \u00fc\u00e7 yan\u0131lg\u0131 s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. \u0130lki, b\u00f6lgeden \u00e7\u0131kman\u0131n sayac\u0131 s\u0131f\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesidir; \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f yaln\u0131zca say\u0131m\u0131 durdurur. \u0130kincisi, 90 g\u00fcn\u00fcn takvim y\u0131l\u0131na ya da vize d\u00f6nemine ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu san\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc, vizenin ge\u00e7erlilik s\u00fcresi ile kal\u0131\u015f hakk\u0131n\u0131n kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r: bir y\u0131ll\u0131k ya da be\u015f y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00e7ok giri\u015fli vize de ayn\u0131 90 g\u00fcnle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Avrupa Komisyonu’nun k\u0131sa s\u00fcreli kal\u0131\u015f hesaplay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131<\/a> ayn\u0131 y\u00f6ntemi kullan\u0131r ve giri\u015f \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f tarihlerinden kalan g\u00fcn\u00fc verir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bir \u00f6rnek<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0130ki haftada bir sefere \u00e7\u0131kan ve her seferde Schengen b\u00f6lgesinde dokuz g\u00fcn ge\u00e7iren bir \u015fof\u00f6r d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnelim. Onuncu seferin sonunda, yani 135. g\u00fcnde 90 g\u00fcn\u00fc dolar. \u015eof\u00f6r 181. g\u00fcne kadar b\u00f6lgeye giremez, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc o tarihe kadar geriye d\u00f6n\u00fck her 180 g\u00fcnl\u00fck d\u00f6nem 90 g\u00fcn\u00fcn tamam\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7erir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sonu\u00e7 d\u00f6rt bu\u00e7uk ay \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve bir bu\u00e7uk ay zorunlu beklemedir. Genel kural \u015f\u00f6yle \u00f6zetlenebilir: zaman\u0131n\u0131n yar\u0131s\u0131ndan fazlas\u0131n\u0131 Schengen b\u00f6lgesinde ge\u00e7iren \u015fof\u00f6r eninde sonunda s\u0131n\u0131ra tak\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

EES ile ne de\u011fi\u015fti<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Kural de\u011fi\u015fmedi, denetimi de\u011fi\u015fti. Eskiden g\u00fcn say\u0131m\u0131 pasaporttaki damgalardan elle yap\u0131l\u0131yordu ve uygulamada esneklik vard\u0131. EES her giri\u015f ve \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 tarih, yer ve biyometrik veriyle kaydediyor, kalan g\u00fcn\u00fc kendisi hesapl\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sistem Ekim 2025’te kademeli olarak ba\u015flad\u0131 ve 10 Nisan 2026’da t\u00fcm s\u0131n\u0131r kap\u0131lar\u0131nda tamamland\u0131. T\u00fcrk \u015fof\u00f6rlerin 2026 yaz\u0131ndan itibaren yo\u011fun bi\u00e7imde geri \u00e7evrilmesinin nedeni budur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kural\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalanlar<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Bir \u00fcye devletten oturma izni ya da uzun s\u00fcreli (D tipi) vize alm\u0131\u015f ki\u015filerin bu izinlere dayanan kal\u0131\u015flar\u0131 90 g\u00fcnl\u00fck hesaba girmez (m. 6\/2). AB’de yerle\u015fik bir ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131k \u015firketinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ve oturma izni bulunan \u015fof\u00f6rler bu nedenle sorun ya\u015fam\u0131yor. T\u00fcrkiye’deki firmalar\u0131n \u015fof\u00f6rleri ise turistlerle ayn\u0131 C tipi vizeyi kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in kural\u0131n tam i\u00e7indedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrk \u015fof\u00f6rler bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ayr\u0131ca tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken bir ba\u015fl\u0131k, Ankara Anla\u015fmas\u0131’na ekli Katma Protokol’\u00fcn 41. maddesindeki mevcut durumun korunmas\u0131 h\u00fckm\u00fcd\u00fcr. Adalet Divan\u0131, Soysal karar\u0131nda (C-228\/06) bu h\u00fckm\u00fcn, T\u00fcrkiye’de yerle\u015fik bir firma ad\u0131na hizmet sunan T\u00fcrk TIR \u015fof\u00f6rlerine sonradan getirilen vize y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne engel oldu\u011funa h\u00fckmetmi\u015fti. Bu i\u00e7tihad\u0131n 90\/180 g\u00fcn s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 ne \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclebilece\u011fi ayr\u0131 bir inceleme konusudur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00fcre doldu\u011funda \u015fof\u00f6r\u00fcn kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

Kural\u0131n ihlali iki farkl\u0131 bi\u00e7imde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 ayn\u0131 de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130lk durumda \u015fof\u00f6r, g\u00fcnleri dolmu\u015fken s\u0131n\u0131ra gelir. Sistem kalan g\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcr ve giri\u015f reddedilir. Bu bir ceza de\u011fildir, ancak ara\u00e7 ve y\u00fck s\u0131n\u0131rda kal\u0131r; firman\u0131n yedek \u015fof\u00f6r ya da aktarma bulmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130kinci durumda \u015fof\u00f6r b\u00f6lgedeyken s\u00fcreyi a\u015far ve “s\u00fcre a\u015f\u0131m\u0131” kayd\u0131 al\u0131r. EES a\u015f\u0131m\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015fta kendili\u011finden tespit eder. Yapt\u0131r\u0131m \u00fclkeden \u00fclkeye de\u011fi\u015fir: idari para cezas\u0131, s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 karar\u0131 ve Schengen’e giri\u015f yasa\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcndeme gelebilir. Giri\u015f yasa\u011f\u0131 t\u00fcm b\u00f6lgede ge\u00e7erlidir ve kural olarak be\u015f y\u0131la kadar verilebilir (2008\/115 say\u0131l\u0131 Geri D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f Direktifi m. 11).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A\u015f\u0131m kayd\u0131 \u015fof\u00f6r\u00fcn sonraki vize ba\u015fvurular\u0131n\u0131 da olumsuz etkiler. Firma a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bunun anlam\u0131, giri\u015f yasa\u011f\u0131 alan \u015fof\u00f6r\u00fcn Avrupa hatt\u0131nda y\u0131llarca kullan\u0131lamamas\u0131d\u0131r. \u015eof\u00f6r\u00fcn ki\u015fisel kayd\u0131ndaki sorun b\u00f6ylece do\u011frudan i\u015fverenin sorununa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130\u015f hukuku boyutu: sefere \u00e7\u0131kamayan \u015fof\u00f6r<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

S\u0131n\u0131rda ya\u015fanan sorun, \u015fof\u00f6r T\u00fcrkiye’ye d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde bir i\u015f hukuku sorununa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. \u015eof\u00f6r\u00fcn g\u00fcnlerinin dolmas\u0131 i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesini kendili\u011finden ask\u0131ya almaz, \u00fccret borcunu da kald\u0131rmaz. \u015eof\u00f6r \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya haz\u0131rsa ve firma ona i\u015f veremiyorsa, kural olarak risk i\u015fverendedir (TBK m. 408).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Firmalar\u0131n bu d\u00f6nemde ba\u015fvurdu\u011fu yollar\u0131n hukuki durumu \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Firman\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong><\/td>Hukuki durumu<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/thead>
Yurt i\u00e7i ya da Schengen d\u0131\u015f\u0131 hatta kayd\u0131rmak<\/td>Geliri belirgin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcyorsa esasl\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fikliktir. \u015eof\u00f6r\u00fcn alt\u0131 i\u015f g\u00fcn\u00fc i\u00e7inde yaz\u0131l\u0131 onay\u0131 gerekir (\u0130\u015f K. m. 22).<\/td><\/tr>
Hak edilmi\u015f y\u0131ll\u0131k izni kulland\u0131rmak<\/td>M\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. \u0130zin zaman\u0131n\u0131 belirlemek i\u015fverenin y\u00f6netim hakk\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/td><\/tr>
\u00dccretsiz izne \u00e7\u0131karmak<\/td>\u015eof\u00f6r\u00fcn yaz\u0131l\u0131 r\u0131zas\u0131 \u015fartt\u0131r. R\u0131zas\u0131z uygulama i\u015fveren feshi say\u0131l\u0131r, tazminat do\u011far.<\/td><\/tr>
Evde bekletip yaln\u0131zca taban \u00fccreti \u00f6demek<\/td>En riskli yoldur. \u015eof\u00f6r eksik \u00fccret nedeniyle hakl\u0131 fesih yap\u0131p k\u0131dem tazminat\u0131 isteyebilir (\u0130\u015f K. m. 24\/II-e).<\/td><\/tr>
\u0130\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesini feshetmek<\/td>\u0130\u015f g\u00fcvencesi kapsam\u0131ndaki \u015fof\u00f6r i\u015fe iade davas\u0131 a\u00e7abilir. \u00d6nce ba\u015fka hatta \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma imk\u00e2n\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0130\u015fverenlerin ilk savunmas\u0131 zorlay\u0131c\u0131 sebep olacakt\u0131r. \u0130\u015f Kanunu, zorlay\u0131c\u0131 sebeple \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lamayan g\u00fcnlerde bir haftaya kadar yar\u0131m \u00fccret \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcr (m. 40). Ancak zorlay\u0131c\u0131 sebep \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclemeyen ve ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lamayan olaylar i\u00e7indir; 90\/180 kural\u0131 ise bilinen ve sefer planlamas\u0131yla y\u00f6netilebilen bir kurald\u0131r. Konu yeni oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in yerle\u015fik i\u00e7tihat hen\u00fcz olu\u015fmad\u0131, fakat mahkemelerin bunu i\u015fverenin i\u015fletme riski saymas\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir olas\u0131l\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klarda ger\u00e7ek \u00fccret meselesi de b\u00fcy\u00fcr. Sekt\u00f6rde \u00fccretin bordroda asgari \u00fccretten g\u00f6sterilip as\u0131l kazanc\u0131n sefer primiyle \u00f6denmesi yayg\u0131nd\u0131r. Yarg\u0131tay uygulamas\u0131nda sefer primi kural olarak \u00fccretin par\u00e7as\u0131 say\u0131l\u0131r. Sefere \u00e7\u0131kamayan \u015fof\u00f6rle uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda tazminatlar bordrodaki de\u011fil, mahkemenin belirledi\u011fi ger\u00e7ek \u00fccretten hesaplan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Son olarak, g\u00fcnleri bitti\u011fi bilinen \u015fof\u00f6r\u00fcn sefere g\u00f6nderilmesi ayr\u0131 bir sorumluluk do\u011furur. \u015eof\u00f6r bu talimata uymak zorunda de\u011fildir ve reddetmesi fesih nedeni olmaz. S\u00fcre a\u015f\u0131m\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden giri\u015f yasa\u011f\u0131 alan \u015fof\u00f6r, i\u015fverenin g\u00f6zetme borcuna (TBK m. 417) dayanarak zarar\u0131n\u0131 firmadan isteyebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ta\u015f\u0131ma hukuku boyutu: gecikme sorumlulu\u011fu<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

\u015eof\u00f6r s\u0131n\u0131rdan d\u00f6n\u00fcnce y\u00fck de gecikir ve sorun bu kez m\u00fc\u015fteriyle ili\u015fkiye ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r. Sekt\u00f6r bu durumu m\u00fccbir sebep olarak de\u011ferlendiriyor, ancak bu savunman\u0131n mahkemede kabul g\u00f6rece\u011fi kesin de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Uluslararas\u0131 karayolu ta\u015f\u0131malar\u0131nda uygulanan CMR’ye g\u00f6re ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 teslimdeki gecikmeden sorumludur (m. 17\/1). Sorumluluktan kurtulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gecikmenin ka\u00e7\u0131namayaca\u011f\u0131 ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nleyemeyece\u011fi bir halden do\u011fdu\u011funu ispatlamas\u0131 gerekir (m. 17\/2). \u015eof\u00f6r\u00fcn kalan g\u00fcn say\u0131s\u0131 ise ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n bildi\u011fi ve takip edebildi\u011fi bir veridir. G\u00fcn\u00fc kalmam\u0131\u015f \u015fof\u00f6rle yola \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p s\u0131n\u0131rdan d\u00f6nmek, “ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lamaz” say\u0131lmaya en uzak senaryodur. Vizenin hi\u00e7 al\u0131namamas\u0131 ya da kural\u0131n aniden de\u011fi\u015fmesi gibi durumlarda savunma daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sorumlulu\u011fun kapsam\u0131 da \u00f6nemlidir. Gecikme zarar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6denecek tazminat ta\u015f\u0131ma \u00fccretini a\u015famaz (m. 23\/5). CMR, h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinden sapan s\u00f6zle\u015fme kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7ersiz sayd\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in (m. 41) navlunu a\u015fan gecikme cezas\u0131 kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n ge\u00e7erlili\u011fi tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n iki istisnas\u0131 vard\u0131r. Kas\u0131t ya da buna e\u015fde\u011fer kusur varsa ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlamadan yararlanamaz (m. 29); g\u00fcnleri bitti\u011fi bilinen \u015fof\u00f6r\u00fc g\u00f6ndermek bu tart\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 a\u00e7ar. Ayr\u0131ca gecikme hasara d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrse hesap de\u011fi\u015fir: s\u0131n\u0131rda bekleyen ya\u015f meyve sebze bozulursa sorumluluk navlunla de\u011fil, kilogram ba\u015f\u0131na 8,33 SDR ile s\u0131n\u0131rlan\u0131r (m. 23\/3).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130hracat\u00e7\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan iki s\u00fcre belirleyicidir. Gecikme nedeniyle tazminat istenebilmesi i\u00e7in teslimden itibaren 21 g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131ya yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u00e7ekince bildirilmelidir (m. 30\/3). Dava zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 kural olarak bir y\u0131ld\u0131r (m. 32).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Firmalar i\u00e7in \u00f6neriler<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

Yukar\u0131daki riskler, vize sorunu \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmeden de b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde y\u00f6netilebilir. Alt\u0131 ad\u0131m \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. Her \u015fof\u00f6r i\u00e7in g\u00fcn sayac\u0131 tutulmal\u0131.<\/strong>\u00a0Sefer plan\u0131 \u015fof\u00f6r\u00fcn kalan g\u00fcn\u00fcne g\u00f6re yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu kay\u0131t, ileride \u00f6zen y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn yerine getirildi\u011fini g\u00f6steren delil de olur.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. Hat karmas\u0131 kurulmal\u0131.<\/strong>\u00a0G\u00fcnleri azalan \u015fof\u00f6r, Schengen d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve yurt i\u00e7i hatlara kayd\u0131r\u0131lacak bi\u00e7imde rotasyona al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. \u0130\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri g\u00fcncellenmeli.<\/strong>\u00a0Hat de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi, bekleme d\u00f6nemindeki \u00fccret ve izin planlamas\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131 hale getirilmeli, \u015fof\u00f6r\u00fcn imzas\u0131 al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. Taban \u00fccret ile sefer primi dengesi g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irilmelidir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  4. Ta\u015f\u0131ma s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerinde teslim s\u00fcresi ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i belirlenmeli.<\/strong>\u00a0CMR, sorumlulu\u011fun s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyle kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na izin vermez (m. 41). Yap\u0131labilecek olan, s\u00fcreyi s\u0131n\u0131r riskini hesaba katarak taahh\u00fct etmek ve yedek \u015fof\u00f6r ya da aktarma plan\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nceden kurmakt\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  5. S\u0131n\u0131rda sorun \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda hemen yaz\u0131l\u0131 bildirim yap\u0131lmal\u0131.<\/strong>\u00a0M\u00fc\u015fteri ayn\u0131 g\u00fcn bilgilendirilmeli, giri\u015f reddi belgesi ve yaz\u0131\u015fmalar saklanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  6. Kal\u0131c\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm beklenerek plan yap\u0131lmamal\u0131.<\/strong>\u00a0Sekt\u00f6r temsilcileri \u015fof\u00f6rler i\u00e7in D tipi vize istiyor ve resmi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler s\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Sonu\u00e7 ve takvim belirsizdir.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    Sonu\u00e7<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

    90\/180 g\u00fcn kural\u0131 yeni de\u011fildir; yeni olan, EES ile birlikte her g\u00fcn\u00fcn say\u0131lmas\u0131 ve s\u0131n\u0131rda esnekli\u011fin kalmamas\u0131d\u0131r. T\u00fcrk TIR \u015fof\u00f6rlerinin turistlerle ayn\u0131 vize rejimine tabi olmas\u0131 bu kural\u0131 uluslararas\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma d\u00fczeniyle ba\u011fda\u015fmaz hale getiriyor. Kal\u0131c\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm, \u015fof\u00f6rlere \u00f6zg\u00fc bir vize ya da stat\u00fcn\u00fcn tan\u0131nmas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r ve bu, firmalar\u0131n elinde olmayan siyasi bir s\u00fcre\u00e7tir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Firmalar\u0131n elinde olan ise riskin T\u00fcrk hukukundaki da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130ncelenen \u00fc\u00e7 alanda ortak sonu\u00e7 ayn\u0131d\u0131r: \u015fof\u00f6r\u00fcn kalan g\u00fcn\u00fc bilinebilir ve planlanabilir oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, mahkemelerin sorunu i\u015fverenin ve ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n risk alan\u0131nda g\u00f6rmesi beklenir. Zorlay\u0131c\u0131 sebep ve m\u00fccbir sebep savunmalar\u0131na g\u00fcvenmek bu nedenle sa\u011flam bir strateji de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    G\u00fcn takibini kuran, s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerini g\u00fcncelleyen ve teslim s\u00fcrelerini ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i belirleyen firma, vize sorunu s\u00fcrse bile hukuki riskini s\u0131n\u0131rlayabilir. Bunlar\u0131 yapmayan firma ise ayn\u0131 olaydan hem \u015fof\u00f6r\u00fcne hem m\u00fc\u015fterisine kar\u015f\u0131 sorumlu duruma d\u00fc\u015febilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Bu yaz\u0131 genel bilgilendirme ama\u00e7l\u0131d\u0131r. Somut bir uyu\u015fmazl\u0131kta s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin ve olay\u0131n ayr\u0131ca de\u011ferlendirilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Giri\u015f Avrupa’ya ta\u015f\u0131ma yapan T\u00fcrk TIR \u015fof\u00f6rleri, 2026 y\u0131l\u0131nda uzun s\u00fcredir y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte olan bir kural\u0131n ilk kez eksiksiz uygulanmas\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131. Schengen b\u00f6lgesinde 180 g\u00fcnde en fazla 90 g\u00fcn kalmaya izin veren kural, AB’nin Giri\u015f\/\u00c7\u0131k\u0131\u015f Sistemi’nin (EES) 10 Nisan 2026’da t\u00fcm s\u0131n\u0131rlarda devreye girmesiyle otomatik denetlenir hale geldi. UND’nin a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131na g\u00f6re yakla\u015f\u0131k 50 bin T\u00fcrk TIR \u015fof\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-828","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.anahithukuk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/828","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.anahithukuk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.anahithukuk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.anahithukuk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.anahithukuk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=828"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.anahithukuk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/828\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":830,"href":"https:\/\/www.anahithukuk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/828\/revisions\/830"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.anahithukuk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=828"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.anahithukuk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=828"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.anahithukuk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=828"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}