{"id":760,"date":"2025-11-04T08:18:10","date_gmt":"2025-11-04T08:18:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.anahithukuk.com\/?p=760"},"modified":"2025-11-04T08:18:11","modified_gmt":"2025-11-04T08:18:11","slug":"basin-ozgurlugu-baglaminda-hakaret-sucunun-degerlendirilmesi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.anahithukuk.com\/index.php\/2025\/11\/04\/basin-ozgurlugu-baglaminda-hakaret-sucunun-degerlendirilmesi\/","title":{"rendered":"Bas\u0131n \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Ba\u011flam\u0131nda Hakaret Su\u00e7unun De\u011ferlendirilmesi"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Yarg\u0131tay 4. Ceza Dairesi\u2019nin 13 \u015eubat 2023 tarihli ve 2023\/31173 esas, 2023\/1014 karar say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131, ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile ki\u015filik haklar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki dengeyi ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bi\u00e7imde ele almas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan dikkat \u00e7ekici bir i\u00e7tihat niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Karar\u0131n konusu, bir gazetecinin kamu g\u00f6revlisine y\u00f6nelik haberlerinde kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ifadelerin hakaret su\u00e7unu olu\u015fturup olu\u015fturmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkindir. Somut olayda, internet haber sitesi sahibi olan gazeteci san\u0131k, \u00d6\u011fretmenevi M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc hakk\u0131nda \u201c\u00f6\u011fretmenevinde yap\u0131lan tadilat s\u0131ras\u0131nda ayn\u0131 anda m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fcn evinde de tadilat yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d ve \u201c\u00f6\u011fretmenevinde gazinoda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan kad\u0131nlar\u0131n ve siyasi parti temsilcilerinin konaklad\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d y\u00f6n\u00fcnde haberler yay\u0131mlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yerel mahkeme bu haberleri hakaret olarak de\u011ferlendirip san\u0131\u011f\u0131 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanunu\u2019nun 125. maddesi uyar\u0131nca cezaland\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak Yarg\u0131tay, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n eylemlerinin ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kapsam\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirilmesi gerekti\u011fi kanaatine vararak mahk\u00fbmiyet karar\u0131n\u0131 bozmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yarg\u0131tay, \u00f6ncelikle hakaret su\u00e7unun korudu\u011fu hukuki de\u011ferin bireyin \u015feref, haysiyet ve toplum i\u00e7indeki itibar\u0131 oldu\u011funu belirtmi\u015ftir. Ancak her a\u011f\u0131r ele\u015ftirinin ya da rahats\u0131z edici ifadenin hakaret su\u00e7unu olu\u015fturmayaca\u011f\u0131na, bu su\u00e7un olu\u015fabilmesi i\u00e7in davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n ki\u015fiyi k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmeye y\u00f6nelik, onur ve sayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 do\u011frudan hedef alan nitelikte olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fine i\u015faret etmi\u015ftir. Yarg\u0131tay Ceza Genel Kurulu\u2019nun 14.10.2008 tarihli ve E.2008\/170, K.2008\/220 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131na at\u0131f yap\u0131larak, hakaret fiilinin cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda, ki\u015fisel rahats\u0131zl\u0131k veya k\u0131r\u0131lganl\u0131k \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn de\u011fil, objektif olarak toplumun onur ve sayg\u0131nl\u0131k anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n esas al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi vurgulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Buna paralel olarak, Yarg\u0131tay karar\u0131nda ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn anayasal dayanaklar\u0131na geni\u015f yer verilmi\u015ftir. T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Anayasas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 26. maddesi, \u201cHerkes d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve kanaatlerini s\u00f6z, yaz\u0131, resim veya ba\u015fka yollarla tek ba\u015f\u0131na veya toplu olarak a\u00e7\u0131klama ve yayma hakk\u0131na sahiptir\u201d h\u00fckm\u00fcyle ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na almaktad\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u2019nin 10. maddesi de bu \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc koruma alt\u0131na al\u0131r. Yarg\u0131tay, bu h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Mahkemesi (A\u0130HM) i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131 \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yorumlanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini belirterek, ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn yaln\u0131zca toplumca kabul g\u00f6ren veya zarars\u0131z fikirler i\u00e7in de\u011fil, \u201crahats\u0131z edici, \u015foke edici ya da sars\u0131c\u0131\u201d nitelikteki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7erli oldu\u011funu vurgulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Demokratik bir toplumda \u00e7o\u011fulculuk, ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fc ve a\u00e7\u0131k fikirlilik, ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ancak ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc mutlak bir hak de\u011fildir. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. maddesi ve S\u00f6zle\u015fme\u2019nin 10. maddesinin 2. f\u0131kras\u0131 uyar\u0131nca, bu \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ancak kanunla, demokratik toplum d\u00fczeninin gereklerine ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck ilkesine uygun olarak s\u0131n\u0131rlanabilir. Yarg\u0131tay, bu s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar\u0131n me\u015fru kabul edilebilmesi i\u00e7in kamu makamlar\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcdahalelerinin zorunlu bir toplumsal ihtiyaca cevap vermesi ve orant\u0131l\u0131 olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini belirtmi\u015ftir. Bu ba\u011flamda, ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile ki\u015filik haklar\u0131 aras\u0131nda kurulacak denge, hem ulusal hem de uluslararas\u0131 hukuk bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6neme sahiptir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kararda, gazetecinin haberinin i\u00e7eri\u011fi rahats\u0131z edici ve sert bir dil i\u00e7erse de, bunun bir \u201cde\u011fer yarg\u0131s\u0131\u201d kapsam\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirilmesi gerekti\u011fi ifade edilmi\u015ftir. Yarg\u0131tay, haberin kamu yarar\u0131na ili\u015fkin bir tart\u0131\u015fmaya katk\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve toplumun bilgi alma hakk\u0131na hizmet etti\u011fini belirlemi\u015ftir. Haberdeki iddialar\u0131n do\u011frulu\u011fu kesin bi\u00e7imde kan\u0131tlanamasa da, belli bir olgusal temele dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131; bu nedenle haberin, kamuoyunu yan\u0131ltmak veya ki\u015fiyi k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmek amac\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Gazetecinin amac\u0131 ki\u015fisel sald\u0131r\u0131 de\u011fil, kamuoyunu bilgilendirmektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yarg\u0131tay karar\u0131nda, A\u0130HM\u2019in 25 Haziran 1992 tarihli Thorgeir Thorgeirson \/ \u0130zlanda<\/em> karar\u0131 \u00f6rnek olarak g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir. Bu davada, polis \u015fiddetine ili\u015fkin sert ifadeler kullanan bir gazetecinin cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ihlal etti\u011fi sonucuna var\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. A\u0130HM, gazetecilerin kamu yarar\u0131 bulunan konularda \u201cbir dereceye kadar abartma ve provoke edici ifade tarz\u0131\u201d kullanabileceklerini, aksi durumda kamusal tart\u0131\u015fman\u0131n bo\u011fulaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmi\u015ftir. Yarg\u0131tay, bu i\u00e7tihattan hareketle, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n haberinde kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 dilin \u201csert ve abart\u0131l\u0131 olsa da\u201d demokratik toplumda tolere edilmesi gerekti\u011fini vurgulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kararda ayr\u0131ca, kamu g\u00f6revlilerinin, g\u00f6revlerinin niteli\u011fi gere\u011fi ele\u015ftirilere daha fazla ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fc g\u00f6stermeleri gerekti\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc kamu g\u00f6revlileri, g\u00f6revlerini yerine getirirken toplumun g\u00fcvenine ihtiya\u00e7 duymakta, bu g\u00fcvenin sars\u0131lmas\u0131 kamu hizmetinin s\u00fcreklili\u011fini etkileyebilmektedir. Ancak bu durum, kamu g\u00f6revlilerinin her t\u00fcrl\u00fc ele\u015ftiriden muaf tutulmas\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmez. Aksine, demokratik denetim mekanizmas\u0131n\u0131n i\u015flemesi i\u00e7in bas\u0131n\u0131n kamusal g\u00f6rev ifa eden ki\u015filerin faaliyetlerini ele\u015ftirebilmesi gerekir. Yarg\u0131tay, \u00f6\u011fretmenevi m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn kamusal bir g\u00f6revde bulundu\u011funu ve haberin de bu g\u00f6revle ilgili oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in kamu yarar\u0131 i\u00e7erdi\u011fini tespit etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kararda dikkat \u00e7eken bir di\u011fer nokta, Yarg\u0131tay\u2019\u0131n de\u011fer yarg\u0131s\u0131 ile olgu isnad\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki ayr\u0131ma ili\u015fkin de\u011ferlendirmesidir. A\u0130HM i\u00e7tihad\u0131na g\u00f6re, olgu isnad\u0131 kan\u0131tlanabilir bir iddia iken, de\u011fer yarg\u0131s\u0131 ispatlanamaz. Ancak de\u011fer yarg\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n da makul bir olgusal temele dayanmas\u0131 gerekir. Hi\u00e7bir veriye dayanmayan soyut ifadeler ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc korumas\u0131ndan yararlanamaz. Yarg\u0131tay bu ilkeye uygun olarak, haberdeki ifadelerin belli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde olgusal temele dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bu nedenle cezai yapt\u0131r\u0131ma konu edilmesinin ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne orant\u0131s\u0131z bir m\u00fcdahale olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sonu\u00e7 olarak, Yarg\u0131tay, hakaret su\u00e7unun unsurlar\u0131n\u0131n somut olayda olu\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na karar vermi\u015f ve yerel mahkemenin mahk\u00fbmiyet h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fc bozmu\u015ftur. Kararda, gazetecilik faaliyetlerinin demokratik toplumda oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131 rol vurgulanarak, bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn yaln\u0131zca bilgi aktarma de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda kamu otoritelerini denetleme i\u015flevine sahip oldu\u011fu ifade edilmi\u015ftir. Gazetecilerin, haberin i\u00e7eri\u011fini kamu yarar\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde haz\u0131rlad\u0131klar\u0131 s\u00fcrece bir dereceye kadar abartma, ele\u015ftirme ve sert ifade kullanma hakk\u0131na sahip olduklar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ortaya konmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yarg\u0131tay, bu karar\u0131yla bir yandan bireylerin onur ve sayg\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 koruyan normlar\u0131n \u00f6nemini teslim ederken, di\u011fer yandan ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn demokratik toplumun temel unsuru oldu\u011funu hat\u0131rlatmaktad\u0131r. E\u011fer her rahats\u0131z edici ifade cezai yapt\u0131r\u0131m tehdidiyle bast\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rsa, bas\u0131n ve ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u015flevsiz hale gelir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu karar, bas\u0131n mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n kamu g\u00f6revlileri hakk\u0131ndaki ele\u015ftirilerinin, toplumsal yarar amac\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrece cezai kovu\u015fturmaya konu edilmemesi gerekti\u011fi g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir \u015fekilde vurgulamaktad\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece Yarg\u0131tay, ulusal hukuk ile Avrupa insan haklar\u0131 hukukunun temel ilkelerini uyumlu hale getirerek, demokratik bir toplumda ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn \u201cho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fc ve \u00e7o\u011fulculukla\u201d birlikte ya\u015fat\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu yaz\u0131 yaln\u0131zca bilgilendirme amac\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r; hukuki dan\u0131\u015fma niteli\u011finde de\u011fildir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kaynak: Yarg\u0131tay 4. Ceza Dairesi, E.2023\/31173, K.2023\/1014,13.02.2023<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Yarg\u0131tay 4. Ceza Dairesi\u2019nin 13 \u015eubat 2023 tarihli ve 2023\/31173 esas, 2023\/1014 karar say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131, ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile ki\u015filik haklar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki dengeyi ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bi\u00e7imde ele almas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan dikkat \u00e7ekici bir i\u00e7tihat niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Karar\u0131n konusu, bir gazetecinin kamu g\u00f6revlisine y\u00f6nelik haberlerinde kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ifadelerin hakaret su\u00e7unu olu\u015fturup olu\u015fturmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkindir. Somut olayda, internet haber sitesi sahibi […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[12],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-760","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ceza-hukuku"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.anahithukuk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/760","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.anahithukuk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.anahithukuk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.anahithukuk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.anahithukuk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=760"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.anahithukuk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/760\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":762,"href":"https:\/\/www.anahithukuk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/760\/revisions\/762"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.anahithukuk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=760"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.anahithukuk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=760"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.anahithukuk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=760"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}